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@article{199327,
        author = {G. Vijayakumar and D. Rohith and K. Ramakrishna and B. Thrinath and S. Gowri Narendra},
        title = {Flood Hazard and Risk Mapping Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in the Downstream Krishna River Region, India},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {12484-12489},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199327},
        abstract = {Flooding is a major natural hazard in India, causing significant damage to life, infrastructure, and agriculture. The downstream region of the Krishna River near Vijayawada is particularly prone to flooding during intense monsoon rainfall. This study aims to delineate flood-prone zones using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Flood-influencing parameters were categorized into geomorphic (elevation, slope, soil type, drainage density, distance from river), hydrologic (rainfall, flow accumulation, topographic wetness index), and socio-economic (land use/land cover and population density) factors. All parameters were converted into thematic layers, reclassified, and assigned weights using AHP. A weighted overlay analysis was performed to generate flood hazard and vulnerability maps, which were integrated using raster calculator in ArcGIS 10.7 to produce the final flood risk map. The results indicate that 35.36% (366 km²) of the area falls under low risk, 42.22% (437 km²) under moderate risk, and 22.46% (232 km²) under high risk. High-risk zones are dominated by agricultural (22.5%) and urban areas (13.4%). The results provide a scientific basis for flood management and planning.},
        keywords = {Flood Risk Mapping, RS and GIS, Analytical Hierarchy Process, LULC, Krishna River Basin, Vijayawada.},
        month = {April},
        }