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@article{199798,
        author = {Sreekala. K. Nair and Sathwika Harishkumar},
        title = {Integrated Molecular and Phytochemical Approach for the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Fish Samples},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {14200-14203},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199798},
        abstract = {The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in aquatic environments poses serious risks to public health and food safety. This study aimed to isolate and characterize MDR bacteria from fish samples using microbiological and molecular techniques and to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of plant-derived extracts as an alternative remedial agent. Fish intestine and flesh samples were collected from a local market and processed under sterile conditions. Bacterial isolates were cultured and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plant extracts of Orthosiphon aristatus were prepared using aqueous and ethanolic solvents, and rosemary oil was evaluated for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion assays. The isolates exhibited resistance to conventional antibiotics, whereas plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects. The findings highlight the potential of phytochemicals as eco-friendly alternatives for controlling MDR bacteria in aquaculture.},
        keywords = {Multidrug resistance, Fish pathogens, DNA extraction, PCR, Plant extracts, Antimicrobial activity},
        month = {April},
        }