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@article{200349,
        author = {Nimish Kadam and Kabir Ahmed and Bharathi Che and Dr.Rabinder Henry},
        title = {Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Scaled Electric Vehicle Model for Educational Purposes},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {1111-1114},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=200349},
        abstract = {We built a sub-meter electric vehicle for our undergraduate lab as first-year B.Tech students. It runs at 12 V, weighs 3 kg, and fits on a workbench. The point was simple: give first-year students a real EV they can take apart, break, fix, and instrument — without the cost or the danger of a high-voltage rig. The chassis is 3D-printed in PLA and PETG, but the floor plate is hard aluminium because the polymer alone twisted under cornering loads in early trials. Two gear-reduced 12 V brushed motors drive the rear wheels through L298N H-bridges. An ESP32 handles PWM, runs a discrete PID loop, and pushes telemetry over Wi-Fi to a small browser dashboard. Battery management is simulated rather than implemented in silicon, which is a deliberate teaching choice. Bench tests showed the structure took roughly twice the design load before any visible flex, and runtime per charge sits near 30 minutes on the 5200 mAh pack. Total bill of materials: a little under INR 20,000 per unit.},
        keywords = {3D printing, battery management, electric vehicle, mechatronics education, motor control, sustainable mobility.},
        month = {May},
        }