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@article{200644,
        author = {Jinho Ahn},
        title = {Deadline-Aware Causal Broadcast: A Survey of Vector-Based Protocols in Real-Time Distributed Systems},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2307-2318},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=200644},
        abstract = {This paper presents a comprehensive survey of vector-based causal order broadcast protocols from a real-time perspective. We propose a taxonomy that classifies existing approaches based on causality enforcement strategies, waiting mechanisms, metadata overhead, deadline awareness, and scalability. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of representative protocols using the five key metrics. Our analysis reveals that traditional vector-based protocols suffer from inherent limitations in real-time environments due to blocking delays, while relaxed and hybrid approaches improve timeliness at the cost of consistency guarantees. In particular, we emphasize the impact of late messages, which may preserve causality but lose their practical value when deadlines are missed. We further highlight the issue of late messages and outline future directions for adaptive, deadline-aware causal broadcast protocols.},
        keywords = {distributed systems, causality, message delivery order, timeliness, scalability.},
        month = {May},
        }