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@article{200801,
        author = {Ajinkya Ananda Mhangore and Dr. Santosh D. Bhopale and Siddhi Narayan Patil and Satej Ramesh Khorate and Devashree Prashant Desai and Soniya Tanaji Khot},
        title = {Petrol adulteration detection system},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2117-2122},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=200801},
        abstract = {The problem of people adding adultrant into the automotive fuels is a big issue for how well the engine works, if it is fair to people who buy the fuel and if it is safe for the environment. When people secretly mix in things like kerosene or ethanol into the good petrol it makes the engine work badly it makes the engine wear out faster and it makes a lot of bad things come out into the air. The old method of testing the fuel in a laboratory are very good but they cost a lot of money they take a time and they are not good for testing the fuel when people are buying it. This paper is, about a system that can test the petrol in real time when people are buying it. The automotive fuels adulteration is a problem and this new system is designed to help solve the problem of automotive fuels adulteration. The system is a real-time petrol adulteration detection system that can help with the fuels adulteration issue. Whereas previous versions (with the Raspberry Pi5 and Arduino UNO) designed the embedded system using the components of those systems, the new design is based completely on the ESP32 System-on-chip (SoC) microcontroller. The reasons for this transition are to take advantage of the features and capabilities of the ESP32, including: its dual-core Xtensa LX6 architecture; its native Free RTOS scheduling; its built-in 12-bit Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs); and many flexible Hardware UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) routing options. In addition, the device uses dynamic temperature compensation algorithms embedded in the firmware to distill out any true adulteration caused by environmental/thermal fluctuations from the actual diesel fluid due to the inverse linear relationship between the dielectric permitivity of diesel fluid and its thermal expansion. In order to triangulate the fluid purity of the diesel fluid, the device continuously acquires three synchronous parameters, including: 1) The fluid volume using a YF-S201 Hall effect fluid flow sensor; 2) The continuously evaluated real time temperature using a DS18B20 single wire digital temperature sensor; 3) The dielectric constant of the diesel fluid using a KDF6061 capacitive level sensor. The ESP32 detects an abnormal dielectric condition beyond the pre-set calibration threshold, triggering a local alarm and engaging an automated telemetry sequence. The telemetry sequence employs a SIM900A GSM /GPRS module and a NEO-6M GPS module that function together via independently remapped hardware UART ports to send real-time SMS notifications containing the exact longitude and latitude coordinates of the fraudulent activity to the appropriate regulatory authority. The paper explains in detail: the physics underlying the analysis (including ionization) of dielectric hydrocarbon; the analog signal conditioning required for the industrial sensors; the transient resistant power distribution system; and a deterministic firmware architecture that will allow this very scalable, internet of things (IoT) based regulatory enforcement tool to operate successfully.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {May},
        }