Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{201093,
        author = {Nagadarshini G and Dr K S Vishvaksenan and Sharmila P},
        title = {A Human-in-the-Loop Self-Adaptive Digital Twin Framework for Smart Manufacturing Using Arduino-Based IoT System},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2625-2634},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=201093},
        abstract = {This article explains how to use Arduino product-based systems to build self-adaptive digital twins (simulations) in order to make smart manufacturing decisions by having the human operator (me) be the ultimate decision maker based on real-time data collected from equipment (like motors). The motor equipment will get created from real-time data collected from them through various collecting devices including thermistors, potentiometers and push button switches (which also allows me to make a change or modification to the control system without having to leave my desk). The control system (which consists of controlling physical processes) is done through using a motor driver that creates fault tolerance and redundancy with the automation process (like using automation only to control a process). To assist me in determining when a piece of equipment is malfunctions (like a motor is not operating as expected) an LED (lights up when there is a problem with motor) will be mounted on the motor equipment to show its current state of operation. This proposed model will be effective for both small manufacturers and educational institutions because of its low cost and ease of implementation. Future enhancements to this model will include adding remote monitoring and control capabilities via wireless communication using Bluetooth through an ESP32 board (which will allow me to communicate between my Arduino devices as well as with an Internet of Things device).},
        keywords = {},
        month = {May},
        }