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@article{201227,
        author = {Ranjitha G N and R S Umakanth},
        title = {STUDIES ON THE PROTEIN CONTENT IN POPULAR BIVOLTINE DOUBLE HYBRID FC2 X FC1 OF THE SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. USING FORTIFIED MULBERRY IN THREE SEASONS},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {3732-3742},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=201227},
        abstract = {Sericulture relies on the efficient conversion of mulberry leaf protein into silk proteins by the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. In recent times nutritional enhancement of mulberry leaves through external fortification has been widely adopted to improve larval performance and silk yield. The present investigation was carried out to assess the influence of protein-rich fortifications such as spirulina and soya flour on the biochemical performance of the bivoltine double hybrid FC2 × FC1 during the fifth instar larval stage under different seasonal conditions. Mulberry leaves were fortified with spirulina (200, 300 and 400 ppm) and soya flour (200, 300 and 400 ppm), were fed to the 5th instar silkworm larvae during the late instar. The protein content was estimated in the silk glands and haemolymph on the 3rd, 4th and 5th day of the fifth instar larvae after 24 h. of treatment. The results obtained have shown a gradual increase in protein levels with larval age, irrespective of treatments. Among the treatments, spirulina at 400 ppm recorded the highest protein accumulation followed by 400 ppm of soya flour, whereas control batches showed the lowest values. Seasonal influence was evident, with the monsoon season favouring higher protein synthesis compared to pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The FC2 × FC1 hybrid exhibited a strong response to nutritional fortifications, suggesting improved metabolic efficiency and nutrient utilization. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatments, larval stages and seasons (p < 0.01). The study highlights the importance of fortification in enhancing biochemical attributes and indicates that spirulina fortification can be effectively used to improve silkworm performance and silk productivity.},
        keywords = {Batches, Fortification, Spirulina, Soya flour, Season, Treatments.},
        month = {May},
        }