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@article{201669,
        author = {LEENA KANMANI J.S.},
        title = {Effectiveness of a Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Pneumonia Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in a Selected Primary Health Centre},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {5190-5195},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=201669},
        abstract = {Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children, especially in developing countries like India. Mothers play a vital role in the early identification and management of pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding pneumonia among mothers of under-five children and to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-instructional module (SIM). A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 mothers attending a selected Primary Health Centre at Chintamani using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The intervention consisted of a self-instructional module regarding pneumonia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
The findings revealed that in the pre-test, 90% of mothers had inadequate knowledge and 10% had moderate knowledge regarding pneumonia. Following the administration of the SIM, 81.7% of mothers had moderate knowledge and 8.3% had adequate knowledge. The mean post-test knowledge score (18.55 ± 3.16) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (10.82 ± 2.76). The calculated paired t-test value was 14.72, which was statistically significant at p < 0.05. A significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and monthly family income.
The study concluded that the self-instructional module was effective in improving maternal knowledge regarding pneumonia among mothers of under-five children. Educational
 interventions can enhance awareness and promote early recognition and management of pneumonia in community settings.},
        keywords = {Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children, especially in developing countries like India. Mothers play a vital role in the early identification and management of pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding pneumonia among mothers of under-five children and to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-instructional module (SIM). A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 mothers attending a selected Primary Health Centre at Chintamani using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The intervention consisted of a self-instructional module regarding pneumonia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that in the pre-test, 90% of mothers had inadequate knowledge and 10% had moderate knowledge regarding pneumonia. Following the administration of the SIM, 81.7% of mothers had moderate knowledge and 8.3% had adequate knowledge. The mean post-test knowledge score (18.55 ± 3.16) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test score (10.82 ± 2.76). The calculated paired t-test value was 14.72, which was statistically significant at p < 0.05. A significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and monthly family income. The study concluded that the self-instructional module was effective in improving maternal knowledge regarding pneumonia among mothers of under-five children. Educational  interventions can enhance awareness and promote early recognition and management of pneumonia in community settings.},
        month = {May},
        }