Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{202786,
        author = {Dr. Parul Dwivedi and Ankit jain},
        title = {Revisiting Homoeopathy through Nanotechnology: A critical review of Experimental evidence and Scientific Contribution},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {7614-7616},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=202786},
        abstract = {Homoeopathy has long faced scientific criticism due to its reliance on ultra-high dilutions that frequently exceed Avogadro’s limit, raising fundamental questions regarding the presence of material substrates. Conventional chemical paradigms are unable to adequately explain reported biological effects at such dilutions. However, recent advances in nanotechnology and high-resolution analytical techniques have enabled renewed scientific investigation into the physicochemical nature of homoeopathic medicines. This critical review synthesizes experimental evidence obtained through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and related nano-analytical approaches, demonstrating the presence of source-derived nanoparticles, solvent nano structuring, and coherent physical phenomena in homoeopathic preparations. The scientific contributions of key researchers working at the interface of homoeopathy and nanoscience are examined in detail. The cumulative evidence supports the interpretation of homoeopathy as a form of nano-pharmacology operating through complex, non-linear biological interactions rather than a purely non-material therapeutic system.},
        keywords = {Homoeopathy; Nanotechnology; Transmission Electron Microscopy; Raman Spectroscopy; Nanoparticles; Ultra-high Dilution},
        month = {May},
        }