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@article{202962,
        author = {Nitish Verma and Gaurav Gangwar and Vishnu Datt Tiwari and Nidhi Singh and Yogesh Kumar Kaushik and Ravi Shankar and Vishal Gangwar and Javed Siddiqui},
        title = {Role of Serum Creatinine and Ultrasonography in the Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {8320-8327},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=202962},
        abstract = {—Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major global public health burden with significant morbidity and mortality. Early detection is paramount to halt or slow disease progression. Serum creatinine (SCr) and renal ultrasonography represent widely available, cost-effective diagnostic tools. This study evaluated their combined diagnostic utility in early CKD detection.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 480 participants (360 CKD patients, 120 healthy controls) at a tertiary care center. Serum creatinine was measured using the Jaffé method, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation, and renal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate cortical echogenicity, kidney dimensions, corticomedullary differentiation (CMD), and resistive index (RI). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results: The combined diagnostic approach demonstrated superior performance (sensitivity 89.2%, specificity 93.4%, AUC 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90–0.96) compared with serum creatinine alone (sensitivity 62.3%, AUC 0.74) or ultrasonography alone (sensitivity 68.4%, AUC 0.79). A strong inverse correlation was observed between SCr and eGFR (r = –0.874; p < 0.001). Reduced cortical echogenicity and cortical thinning were the most prevalent sonographic abnormalities (23.5% and 20.8%, respectively).
Conclusions: Concurrent measurement of serum creatinine with renal ultrasonography substantially improves CKD detection accuracy and is recommended as a first-line screening strategy, particularly in resource-limited healthcare settings.},
        keywords = {chronic kidney disease, diagnostic accuracy, early detection, eGFR, glomerular filtration rate, operating characteristic, receiver, renal ultrasonography serum creatinine},
        month = {May},
        }