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@article{203333,
        author = {Burla Tejeswara Rao and LOTLA KAVYA and Saadhireddy Saranya Pujitha and B.Bharathi and D.Dhanush and G.Shashank and K.M.M.Tarakesh and B.Sravani},
        title = {Design and Implementation of a Battery Management System for a Three-Wheeler Electric Vehicle},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {10858-10862},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=203333},
        abstract = {The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the demand for reliable and efficient Battery Management Systems (BMS), particularly for low-cost three-wheeler EVs widely deployed in urban transportation. This paper presents the design and implementation of a microcontroller-based BMS tailored for a lithium-ion battery pack operating in a three-wheeler EV platform. The proposed system integrates real-time cell voltage monitoring, temperature sensing, State of Charge (SOC) estimation, cell balancing, and comprehensive protection against over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, and thermal runaway conditions. Simulation and theoretical validation confirm that the implemented BMS significantly enhances battery safety, extends cycle life, and ensures stable power delivery under dynamic urban load profiles. The system addresses cost constraints without compromising essential safety and performance metrics, making it highly suitable for scalable small-scale electric mobility applications.},
        keywords = {Battery Management System, Electric Vehicle, Lithium-ion Battery, State of Charge, Cell Balancing, Three-Wheeler EV.},
        month = {May},
        }