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@article{203967,
        author = {V. Roja Bharathi and Dr Semal Sekhar and Gorli Umadevi and V. Lakshmi Prasanna and K. Mahesh and G. Renuka},
        title = {REAL TIME ECG AND HEART RATE DETECTION AND DISPLAY},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {434-438},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=203967},
        abstract = {This project presents an ECG and Heart Rate Monitoring System developed to continuously monitor the electrical activity of the human heart and accurately measure heart rate using sensor-based technology. The system is designed to provide a reliable, low-cost, and portable solution for real-time cardiac monitoring in both clinical and home environments. An ECG sensor module is used to acquire real-time cardiac signals from the human body through electrodes placed at specific positions on the skin. These electrodes detect the small electrical impulses generated during each heartbeat. The captured analog signals are transmitted to the ESP32 microcontroller, which serves as the central processing unit of the system. 
The ESP32 is selected for its high processing capability, low power consumption, and built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth features that enable wireless data transmission. Since raw ECG signals are highly sensitive to noise, motion artifacts, and external interference, appropriate filtering and signal conditioning techniques are applied to obtain clean and accurate waveforms. 
After filtering, key parameters such as heart rate and waveform characteristics (including the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave) are extracted for analysis. These parameters help in assessing heart function and identifying irregularities. The processed data can be displayed on an LCD or serial monitor and can also be transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device or web-based monitoring platform for remote observation. The system can be enhanced with alert mechanisms to notify users in case of abnormal heart rate conditions such as tachycardia or bradycardia. 
Overall, this project offers a compact, efficient, and cost-effective solution suitable for healthcare monitoring, fitness tracking, and remote patient care applications.},
        keywords = {ESP32 Microcontroller, ECG System},
        month = {June},
        }