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@article{204728,
        author = {Vedika D. Bhagyawant and Anand N and Dr. Jayraj U. Kidav},
        title = {Intelligent and Energy-Optimized Street Lighting: A Dual-Mode Adaptive Control System Verified by NGSpice},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {3789-3795},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=204728},
        abstract = {Cities burn through a lot of energy, and streetlights are a big part of that. If you want real progress toward sustainable urban life, you have to tackle this issue head-on. Here’s what this paper brings to the table: an automatic streetlight dimmer system that actually thinks for itself. It cranks up the brightness when a car rolls by and dials it back when nobody’s around saving energy without leaving the roads in the dark.
The setup is pretty straightforward. It uses a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to figure out whether it’s day or night, plus another sensor to spot vehicles. The system runs in two modes. When the street’s empty, the lights dim down and save power. But the moment a vehicle shows up, lights snap to full brightness for safety. The real trick is the control mechanism it keeps transitions between lighting states smooth, so you don’t get weird flickers or wasted energy.
Testing in NGSpice shows this system adapts well to different weather and traffic patterns, holding up under the kind of changes streets see every day. Stack it up against old-fashioned timer-based streetlights, and it’s not even close. You get big energy savings, your LEDs last longer, and streets are just safer overall. On top of that, it’s cheap to build and easy to scale up exactly what cities need if they’re serious about smart, sustainable lighting.},
        keywords = {NGSpice Simulation, Automatic Streetlight, LDR Sensor, Vehicle Detection, Adaptive Dimmer Control, Energy-Efficient Lighting, LED Brightness Control, Smart Lighting System modern cities that strive for sustainable energy management.},
        month = {June},
        }