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@article{204872,
        author = {Rishitha Nimmani},
        title = {Gender Bias in Scientific Knowledge and Politics of ‘Standard’ Human Body},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {4590-4595},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=204872},
        abstract = {Martha nussbaum contends that any society that claims to be just must ensure that all individuals are able to enjoy a set of fundamental capabilities. Among the most essential of these are the capabilities related to bodily health and bodily integrity, which include the ability to live in a healthy body, to be protected from avoidable harm, and to move freely without threat to one’s physical safety. This paper uses that standard as its central measure and asks a direct question: does the scientific knowledge governing medicine, drug approval, and vehicle safety actually secure those capabilities for women? Drawing on foucault, harding, fausto-sterling, laqueur, kuhn, longino, schiebinger, fricker, and genevieve lloyd, it argues that the answer is no. The persistent treatment of the male body as the default in biomedical research and engineering design has not been a neutral technical choice. It is a pattern of institutional behaviour that actively erodes the bodily capabilities of women. This paper further argues that gender bias in science is categorically more harmful than gender bias in philosophy: where philosophical exclusion discounts and misnames women’s experience, scientific exclusion ends lives.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {June},
        }