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@article{204926,
        author = {AFIFA QURRATH and ABDUL RAHMAN and HARSHAL Y KUMAR and ADITHYA SM and ANIRUDH R and K NITHIN and ABHISHEK G},
        title = {Design and Implementation of a Closed-Loop PWM-Based DC Motor Speed Control System Using Advanced Microcontrollers},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {5421-5423},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=204926},
        abstract = {Motor speed control systems are essential in various applications such as industrial automation, robotics, electric vehicles, conveyor systems, and smart manufacturing. Conventional Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)-based motor control techniques commonly operate in an open-loop configuration, where the motor speed is controlled without considering actual output feedback. Although these systems are simple and cost-effective, they suffer from several limitations including poor speed regulation, slow dynamic response, sensitivity to load disturbances, and inability to maintain constant speed under varying operating conditions. Furthermore, implementations using basic microcontrollers often lack sufficient real-time processing capability and efficient control tuning mechanisms. To address these issues, this paper presents the design and implementation of a closed-loop PWM-based DC motor speed control system using an advanced microcontroller integrated with a PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative) control algorithm. In the proposed system, the desired reference speed is continuously compared with the actual motor speed obtained through a feedback sensor such as an encoder or Hall-effect sensor. The PID controller processes the error signal and dynamically adjusts the PWM duty cycle to regulate motor speed accurately and efficiently. The advanced microcontroller enables high-speed PWM generation, real-time feedback processing, and improved control performance. The proposed closed-loop control system significantly enhances motor performance by reducing steady-state error, improving transient response, increasing stability, and effectively compensating for sudden load variations. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the system maintains stable motor operation and precise speed regulation under different loading conditions when compared with traditional open-loop PWM control methods. The developed system offers a reliable, efficient, and low-cost solution for modern embedded motor control applications and can be further extended for intelligent automation and IoT-enabled industrial systems.},
        keywords = {Closed-loop motor control, PWM speed control, DC motor, PID controller, advanced microcontroller, embedded systems, feedback control, speed regulation, real-time control, industrial automation.},
        month = {June},
        }