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@article{204957,
        author = {Aniket Danekar and Ranjit Darade and Ganesh Adsule and Parth Dhage and Appasab Salunke},
        title = {AgriHandshake - Blockchain Based Smart Contract Between Farmers and Vendors},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {5951-5956},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=204957},
        abstract = {Agricultural trade in developing nations continues to rely on informal agreements and centralised payment mechanisms, resulting in payment delays of 30–90 days and weakened bargaining power for smallholder farmers. This paper presents AgriHandshake, a blockchain-based smart contract platform enabling direct crop trading between farmers and vendors through an automated escrow mechanism on the Ethereum network. A hybrid architecture stores cryptographic state hashes on-chain while offloading trade metadata to IPFS, reducing gas costs by approximately 65–70%. The Solidity-based escrow enforces a four-state machine with a 72-hour auto-release timer via block.timestamp. Evaluation on the Ethereum Sepolia testnet demonstrates average function latency under 15 seconds, a full trade cycle gas cost of approximately 420,000 gas units, and 100% payment accuracy across 50 simulated transactions.},
        keywords = {Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Agricultural Trade, Escrow Payments, Ethereum, IPFS, Hybrid Architecture, Solidity, Payment Automation, Farmer Empowerment.},
        month = {June},
        }