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@article{205136,
        author = {Vaishnavi Parmar and Dr. Subhra Suhaney},
        title = {Patterns and Proportions: A Dual-Method Approach to Gender Identification in Cheiloscopy},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {5569-5571},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=205136},
        abstract = {The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of traditional lip print patterns (Suzuki & Tsuchihashi classification) with a mathematical approach (Lip indexing) for the gender identification in a sample of 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) of Bhopal district (Madhya Pradesh). Lip prints were collected using a non-glossy lipstick and with the help of a standardized lipstick-on-paper method.
Through morphological analysis, it was determined that type II is the predominant pattern found in females (48%), while type I’ is the most prevalent in males (44%). However, notable difficulties were observed due to variation within individuals, with single lips exhibiting 2-3 distinct patterns.
To address this qualitative subjectivity, the lip print index was used as objective variable for analysis. Result shows that male displayed a wider range of index value (70-150), whereas, female displayed more consistent values (80-110). These results suggest that, even if lip prints are distinct, the lip index provides a more reliable and consistent variable for determining sex than pattern analysis alone.},
        keywords = {Cheiloscopy, Lip index, Sex determination.},
        month = {June},
        }