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@article{205493,
        author = {Mr Devendra N Gavari and Dr U N Dhandargi and Dr Sureshgouda Patil and Mr Sangamesh Baichabal},
        title = {Reviewed Case Study on Hypospadias},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {7187-7190},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=205493},
        abstract = {Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies in male children, characterized by an abnormal ventral placement of the urethral meatus. It affects approximately 1 in 150–300 male births globally, with significant numbers reported in India (around 1 lakh cases annually).
Objectives: This study aimed to describe the socio-demographic profile, clinical characteristics, nursing interventions, and outcomes of hypospadias cases managed at Pediatric Hospital, Bagalkot.
Methods: A descriptive hospital-based study was conducted on 50 selected children with hypospadias admitted between [Plausible Period, e.g., January 2024 to December 2025]. Data were collected using a structured proforma, clinical assessment tools, and parental interviews. Nursing care focused on pre- and post-operative management, parental education, and complication prevention.
Results: The majority of cases (68%) were distal hypospadias. Mean age at presentation was 2.8 years. Associated anomalies included chordee (22%) and undescended testes (12%). Surgical correction (primarily TIP urethroplasty) was performed in 42 cases. Post-operative complications were minimal (fistula in 8%, infection in 4%) with structured nursing care. Parental anxiety was high initially but reduced significantly with education.
Conclusion: Early detection, timely surgical intervention, and comprehensive nursing care improve outcomes in hypospadias. This study highlights the crucial role of nurses in holistic management at a regional pediatric center in Bagalkot.},
        keywords = {Hypospadias, Pediatric Nursing, Urethroplasty, Parental Education, Bagalkot},
        month = {June},
        }