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@article{206261,
        author = {Priti Digambar Shinde and Mr. S. M. Ambore},
        title = {Development and evaluation of sunscreen cream form plumeria rubra},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {2},
        pages = {853-861},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=206261},
        abstract = {Regular exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation causes severe skin damage, making photoprotection essential. Due to the adverse health and environmental effects linked with synthetic UV filters, cosmetic research is shifting toward sustainable botanical alternatives. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an oil-in-water (O/W) herbal sunscreen cream utilizing the bioactive flower extract of Plumeria rubra. Fresh flowers were authenticated, dried, and extracted using absolute ethanol. Pre-formulation characterization of four distinctive powder mesh fractions (A, B, C, and D) was conducted to evaluate micromeritic parameters and solvent solubility profiles. Four cream batches were compounded via the slab technique by varying the extract concentrations alongside structural excipients. The formulations underwent comprehensive post-evaluation, assessing color, odor, texture, phase separation, pH, viscosity, spreadability, greasiness, washability, skin irritancy, and in-vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF).Pre-formulation screening revealed that particle size fractions around mesh 60# (Sieve B) possessed optimal micromeritic flow, excellent compressibility, and superior dissolution properties. Among the compounded batches, formulation F2 incorporating 2.0% w/w P. rubra extract, emerged as the optimized batch. It demonstrated an off-white color, a smooth and homogeneous texture, a stable skin-compatible pH of 6.5, balanced viscosity (837.1 cps), and excellent spreadability without phase separation, greasiness, or skin irritation. Biologically, F2 delivered moderate sun protection with the highest in-vitro SPF value of 18. Consequently, Plumeria rubra flower extract represents a safe, eco-friendly, and effective natural alternative to synthetic chemical filters in modern skincare.},
        keywords = {Plumeria rubra, Sunscreen Cream, Oil-in-Water Emulsion, In-vitro SPF, Phytochemicals, Photoprotection.},
        month = {July},
        }