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@article{206387,
        author = {Vanitha S and Elavarasan S R and Merlin I and Imayavaramban M S and Jagadesh S and Deepak R and Janarthanan K},
        title = {Comparative Evaluation of Topical Pentoxifylline Cream and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Loaded Pentoxifylline Cream for the Management of Intermittent Claudication},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {2},
        pages = {1258-1265},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=206387},
        abstract = {Intermittent claudication is a peripheral arterial disease characterized by reduced blood flow to the lower limbs, resulting in pain and discomfort during physical activity. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate topical Pentoxifylline cream and zinc oxide nanoparticle-loaded Pentoxifylline cream for improved topical drug delivery and sustained release. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the surfactant-assisted sol-gel method and characterized using particle size and zeta potential analysis [2,14]. Six different cream formulations containing various polymers such as HPMC, Chitosan, and Eudragit were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in-vitro drug release studies [11,13]. Among all formulations, F4 containing HPMC and zinc oxide nanoparticles showed optimum pH, better spreadability, acceptable viscosity, highest drug content (98.00%), and superior sustained drug release (85%) over an 8-hour period. FTIR studies confirmed the compatibility between Pentoxifylline and excipients without significant drug–excipient interactions [14]. The study demonstrated that zinc oxide nanoparticle-loaded formulations enhanced the controlled release behaviour and topical delivery Pentoxifylline. Therefore, nanoparticle-based topical formulations may provide a promising approach for the effective management of intermittent claudication with improved patient compliance and reduced systemic side effects.},
        keywords = {Intermittent claudication, topical cream, Pentoxifylline, drug delivery, zinc oxide nanoparticles.},
        month = {July},
        }