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@article{206741,
        author = {Samruddhi Rajesh Gurav and Prof. U.L.Deshpande and Prof.R.A.Chougale},
        title = {State-of-the-Art Review on Bond–Slip Behaviour and Numerical Modelling of Steel and Composite Reinforcement in Concrete},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {2},
        pages = {0-0},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=206741},
        abstract = {Bond-slip behaviour at the reinforcement-concrete interface governs stress transfer, anchorage, crack formation, serviceability, ductility and failure mechanism of reinforced concrete members. Conventional deformed steel reinforcement has a mature bond mechanism because rib-induced mechanical interlock and yielding provide relatively stable post-peak response. However, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and steel-FRP composite reinforcement systems exhibit fundamentally different interface mechanisms because of their linear-elastic response, different surface morphology, lower transverse stiffness, corrosion resistance, and distinct interfacial degradation patterns. This review critically examines finite element analysis (FEA) approaches used to simulate bond-slip behaviour of steel, FRP and steel-FRP composite reinforcement embedded in concrete and advanced cementitious matrices. The review covers pull-out test simulation, nonlinear concrete modelling, cohesive zone modelling, surface-to-surface contact, interface elements, embedded bond-slip laws, calibration methods and validation indicators. The scope and research direction are aligned with the attached dissertation synopsis, which emphasizes the need for a validated FE framework to compare steel and composite reinforcement under consistent modelling assumptions. The paper shows that FRP bars require material-specific bond laws, while steel-FRP composite bars require multi-material interface models capable of capturing hybrid stiffness, surface damage and post-peak degradation. Existing studies are valuable but remain fragmented because many validate only peak load and do not fully reproduce slip at peak stress, residual bond, crack pattern and failure mode. Future research should develop unified multi-material bond-slip laws, cyclic and durability-coupled interface models, mesh-objective cohesive formulations, and software-ready design procedures for ANSYS, ABAQUS and other nonlinear FE platforms.},
        keywords = {Bond-slip behaviour; finite element analysis; steel reinforcement; FRP bars; steel-FRP composite bars; cohesive zone modelling; pull-out test; reinforced concrete; interface modelling; ANSYS.},
        month = {July},
        }