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@article{206787,
        author = {Dr. Venkatesh C. N. and Dr. Shashikanth H. Majagi},
        title = {A Study on Heavy Metal Contamination and Seasonal Distribution of Trace Metals in Mallapur Lake, Chitradurga District, Karnataka},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {2},
        pages = {2695-2701},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=206787},
        abstract = {Heavy metal contamination of freshwater ecosystems has emerged as a major environmental concern due to its persistence, toxicity, and potential ecological and human health impacts. Seasonal monitoring of heavy metals is essential for understanding their temporal distribution and supporting effective water quality management. Water samples were collected from four sampling sites in Mallapur Lake, Chitradurga District, Karnataka, between February 2022 and January 2024, covering summer, southwest monsoon, and northeast monsoon seasons. The concentrations of heavy metals viz. copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) following acid digestion. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and seasonal trends were illustrated using mean concentration plots. Heavy metal concentrations exhibited distinct seasonal variations, with comparatively higher concentrations during the summer season and lower concentrations during the monsoon periods. Cu and Fe recorded the highest concentrations during summer 2022 and summer 2023, respectively. Whereas, Ni, Pb, and Zn also showed elevated concentrations during summer 2023 before declining during subsequent monsoon seasons. Al and Cr were detected primarily during the northeast monsoon, while spatial variations among the four sampling sites were relatively minor. In conclusion, seasonal hydrological conditions had a greater influence on heavy metal distribution than site-specific differences. Regular monitoring of heavy metals is recommended to support sustainable management and conservation of the water quality of Mallapur Lake.},
        keywords = {Heavy metals, Mallapur lake, Monitoring, Seasonal variation, Water quality},
        month = {July},
        }