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@article{207327,
        author = {DIYA KUMARI and DR. SUMIT BHATEJA and DR. VINITA CHARAN and NISHANT RANJAN},
        title = {Burning Mouth Syndrome: Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Concepts, and Emerging Management Trends},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {3},
        pages = {382-384},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=207327},
        abstract = {Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) represents a complex, chronic intraoral neuropathic pain condition characterized by a persistent scalding or dysesthetic sensation in the absence of observable mucosal lesions or organic laboratory abnormalities (Canfora et al., 2024; Bookout, 2023). Historically dependent on non-specific empirical pharmacotherapy, contemporary clinical paradigms are evolving toward individualized regimens aimed at complete functional recovery (Nasri-Heir et al., 2015). This narrative synthesis highlights the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, diagnostic frameworks, and therapeutic advancements in BMS, emphasizing emerging low-toxicity modalities such as photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), non-invasive neurostimulation (rTMS, tDCS), multimodal psychotropics, micro-dosed opioid antagonists, and targeted phytotherapy.},
        keywords = {BMS, Treatment\, Modalities ,Therapeutic interventions.},
        month = {August},
        }