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@article{207860,
        author = {Srijan Subedi and Aakansha Thapa and Bikas Prasad Yadav and Manish Sharma and Manisha Shrestha and Monika Upadhyay},
        title = {Application and Preliminary Assessment of an Adapted Infrastructure Risk Rating Model on an Urban Road Corridor in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Case Study of the Koteshwor–Kalanki Road Section},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {3},
        pages = {3128-3135},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=207860},
        abstract = {Road-safety assessment in Nepal has largely relied on historical crash information, which is reactive because interventions are generally prioritized after crashes have accumulated. This study examines the application of an adapted Infrastructure Risk Rating (IRR) framework to an urban road corridor in Kathmandu and compares its within-corridor ranking with historical crash indicators. The approximately 9.5 km Koteshwor–Kalanki corridor was represented by six selected homogeneous sections covering 7.87 km in total. Field observations, GPS measurements, photographic documentation, aerial imagery and official crash records were used to assess road stereotype, alignment, carriageway width, roadside hazards, land use, intersection density and access density. In the corrected calculation, the traffic-volume term was assigned a neutral value of 1.00 for all six urban sections because traffic volume was not included as a differentiating input in the applied urban procedure. IRR scores ranged from 1.23 to 1.63, with Koteshwor–Gwarko ranked first. Historical crash records for fiscal years 2077/78 to 2080/81 were summarized using a study-specific Severity Weighted Index (SWI), Average annual Accident Frequency Index (AFI), and Accident Density Index (ADI). IRR showed complete rank agreement with SWI and AFI in the six-section sample, while ADI produced a different middle-order ranking because it normalizes crash frequency by section length. The results provide preliminary evidence for the screening value of an adapted IRR framework, but they do not constitute full predictive validation or Nepal-wide calibration.},
        keywords = {Infrastructure Risk Rating, Road Safety, Kathmandu Ring Road, Koteshwor–Kalanki, Roadside Hazards, Severity Weighted Index, Accident Frequency Index, Accident Density Index},
        month = {August},
        }