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@article{208418,
        author = {Debjit Goswami and Tanuja A M L and Dokuparthi Gowthami and Nikhil Singh and Akanksha Pandey and Chandan Sood and Govind Kumar},
        title = {Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {4},
        pages = {2043-2053},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=208418},
        abstract = {Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for overcoming major limitations associated with conventional drug delivery systems, including poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, rapid degradation, nonspecific distribution, systemic toxicity, and inadequate drug accumulation at pathological sites. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems utilize engineered nanoscale materials to modify the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biological properties of therapeutic agents. A wide range of nanocarriers, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles, and biomimetic systems, have been investigated for controlled and targeted delivery.
Recent advances have shifted the field from conventional passive drug carriers toward multifunctional, stimuli-responsive, biomimetic, personalized, and precision nanomedicine platforms. Emerging technologies include ligand-mediated active targeting, tumor microenvironment-responsive systems, organelle-specific delivery, cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles, exosome-based delivery, lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acids, theranostic nanoplatforms, artificial intelligence-assisted formulation optimization, and nanocarriers for mRNA, siRNA, CRISPR components, and other advanced therapeutics. These developments have expanded the potential of nanotechnology beyond small-molecule drugs toward biologics and genetic medicines.
Despite considerable progress, clinical translation remains challenging because of nanoparticle heterogeneity, scale-up difficulties, long-term stability, biological variability, immunogenicity, nanotoxicity, manufacturing complexity, and regulatory uncertainties. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration emphasizes that nanomaterial-containing drug products require careful characterization, control of critical quality attributes, and assessment of safety, efficacy, and product-specific properties. This review discusses the evolution, major platforms, emerging trends, mechanisms, therapeutic applications, advantages, limitations, regulatory considerations, and future prospects of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, with particular emphasis on technologies that are driving the transition toward precision and personalized medicine.},
        keywords = {Nanotechnology; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Drug delivery; Targeted delivery; Lipid nanoparticles; Stimuli-responsive systems; Exosomes; Theranostics; Gene delivery; Personalized medicine; Nanotoxicology.},
        month = {September},
        }