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@article{208645,
        author = {Prerna S. Koke and Shubham A. Khamkar and Shubham Vishwakarma and Ruchi R. Bhuran and Monali M. Sawarbande and Gourishankar Birtia},
        title = {" A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TARGETED AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES"},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {4},
        pages = {2161-2174},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=208645},
        abstract = {Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have emerged as an important area of pharmaceutical research because conventional dosage forms frequently encounter limitations related to poor solubility, instability, rapid elimination, nonspecific distribution, fluctuating plasma concentrations, and dose-related toxicity. Modern delivery technologies seek to overcome these limitations by controlling the spatial and temporal distribution of therapeutic agents. The evolution of NDDS has progressed from sustained-release formulations and depot systems toward multifunctional platforms capable of targeted transport, controlled release, intracellular delivery, and stimulus-responsive drug liberation. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanogels, implantable systems, microneedles, and hybrid carriers have been investigated for improving therapeutic performance. Targeting can be achieved through passive accumulation, ligand-mediated recognition, tissue-specific administration, or intracellular and subcellular mechanisms. In parallel, endogenous stimuli such as pH, enzymes, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and hypoxia, as well as external stimuli including light, temperature, magnetic fields, and ultrasound, have been exploited to achieve controlled or on-demand release. Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles have particularly expanded the application of drug delivery toward messenger RNA and other nucleic-acid therapeutics. At the same time, biomimetic carriers, theranostic systems, long-acting formulations, and multifunctional nanoplatforms are being developed to integrate therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Despite substantial progress, clinical translation remains constrained by biological barriers, protein-corona formation, heterogeneous target expression, unpredictable biodistribution, immunological responses, formulation instability, manufacturing complexity, scale-up requirements, and regulatory considerations. Future development is therefore expected to focus not merely on increasing formulation complexity but on achieving predictable pharmacokinetics, reproducible manufacturing, clinically meaningful targeting, patient-specific optimization, and improved safety. This review critically discusses the evolution, major platforms, targeting mechanisms, controlled-release strategies, recent technological developments, clinical translation, challenges, and future perspectives of targeted and controlled NDDS.},
        keywords = {Novel drug delivery systems; targeted drug delivery; controlled release; nanocarriers; lipid nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles; stimuli-responsive delivery; precision medicine.},
        month = {September},
        }