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@article{209022,
        author = {Maheswari V and Lakshmanan A L and Bhuvaneshwari B and Pranow Keerthi P and Jayaprakash J and Loganayagi M},
        title = {In-silico and In-vitro Evaluation of Anti-Cholelithiasis Activity for the Leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae)},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {5},
        pages = {471-478},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=209022},
        abstract = {Cholelithiasis remains a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) serving as the standard pharmacological therapy for cholesterol gallstone dissolution.  This study evaluated the anti-cholelithiasis potential of Bryophyllum pinnatum butanolic extract through integrated molecular docking and in-vitro gallstone dissolution assays.  Molecular docking analysis revealed that phytoconstituents furostane and dammarane exhibited substantial binding affinities of -8.9 and -8.8 kcal/mol, respectively, approaching the standard UDCA value of -9.2 kcal/mol, suggesting favourable interactions with target receptors involved in cholesterol metabolism.  In-vitro Cholesterol gallstone models were synthesized and treated with plant extract at 2mg and 4mg concentrations, alongside UDCA (2mg) and controls (water, model bile), over three weeks at 37oC. Results demonstrated concentration-dependent gallstone dissolution, with the 2mg extract reducing stone weight from 220mg to 20mg (90.9% dissolution), outperforming UDCA (210mg to 40mg; 81.0% dissolution) and 4mg extract (230mg to 30mg; 87.0% dissolution). Control groups showed minimal dissolution, confirming bile’s inability to dissolve stones under cholelithiasis conditions.  The 2mg extract exceeded UDCA efficacy by approximately 10%, while 4mg showed 6% greater activity, indicating superior litholytic potential at lower concentrations.  These findings suggest that B.pinnatum butanolic extract possesses significant anti-cholelithiasis activity, potentially mediated by furostane and dammarane compounds, warranting further in-vivo validation and mechanistic exploration for herbal therapeutic development.},
        keywords = {Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cholelithiasis, Gall Stones, Molecular docking, Dissolution},
        month = {October},
        }