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@article{209066,
        author = {Prof.Rupesh Dilip Tanksale},
        title = {Indian Modernity in English Verse: A Comparative Study of Nissim Ezekiel and A. K. Ramanujan},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {5},
        pages = {513-516},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=209066},
        abstract = {Indian English poetry changed greatly after Indian Independence in 1947. Earlier poets often wrote about Indian spirituality, nationalism, nature, and an idealized India. Post-Independence poets, however, began to write about ordinary life, cities, family, social problems, loneliness, cultural conflict, and modern identity. Nissim Ezekiel and A. K. Ramanujan are two important poets of this modern period. Both wrote in English, but they presented Indian modernity in different ways. Ezekiel mainly writes about the modern city, loneliness, social life, religion, and the problems of belonging. Ramanujan focuses more on family, memory, tradition, Indian culture, and the relationship between India and the West. Nissim Ezekiel and A. K. Ramanujan occupy a particularly significant position in this development. Both poets write in English, but their English is reshaped by Indian experience, speech patterns, cultural memory, and indigenous traditions.
This paper compares their poetry and shows that both poets use English to express Indian experiences. Their poetry combines modern ideas with Indian culture and tradition. Thus, Indian modernity in their poetry is not simply Westernization but a meeting of Indian traditions and modern life. Indian English poetry underwent a major transformation after Independence in 1947. The study argues that neither poet understands modernity as a simple rejection of tradition. Instead, their poetry presents modern Indian identity as hybrid, conflicted, and continuously negotiating between inherited cultural structures and contemporary life.},
        keywords = {Indian English poetry, Modernity, Tradition, Identity, Culture},
        month = {October},
        }