| Titanium, stainless steel, and CoCr Mo alloys are the most widely used bio materials for orthopedic applications. The most common causes of orthopedic implant failure after implantation are infections, inflammatory response, least corrosion resistance, mismatch in elastic modulus, stress shielding, and excessive wear. To address the problems associated with implant materials, different modifications related to design, materials, and surface have been developed with different materials. Among the different methods, coating with different materials is an effective method to improve the performance of implant materials. In this paper, a comprehensive review of recent studies has been carried out to summarize the impact of coating materials on metallic implants. The antibacterial characteristics, biodegradability, bio compatibility, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties for performance evaluation are briefly summarized. Different effective coating techniques, coating materials, and additives have been summarized. The results are useful to produce the coating with optimized properties. Different types of implant materials are used in different fields of medical science depending on the need of a particular application. Metals, alloys, ceramics, and polymers are the commonly used biomaterials.
The main focus of this study is to review different types of metals, mechanisms and their properties with applications in various fields of medicine such as orthopedics, teeth implants and skull-based surgeries. Every implant must have certain important characteristics for safe and effective use. These properties like the biocompatibility, relevant mechanical properties, high corrosion and wear resistance and osseointegration are summarized in this review. Various attempts to improve these properties such as different processing routes, surface modifications are also covered in the paper, which provides an insight into the scope of research and effort in developing highly superior implants. |
