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Smart IoT-Based Traffic Signal Control System with Emergency Vehicle Detection

  • Unique Paper ID: 181997
  • Volume: 12
  • Issue: 2
  • PageNo: 400-409
  • Abstract:
  • In today’s rapidly urbanizing world, traffic congestion poses a critical challenge to city infrastructure, public safety, and emergency response systems. One of the most pressing issues is the delay faced by emergency vehicles—particularly ambulances—due to rigid, pre-timed traffic signals and unresponsive traffic management systems. In such scenarios, even a few minutes of delay can be the difference between life and death. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Smart IoT-Based Traffic Signal Control System that dynamically adjusts signal timings in real-time to prioritize the movement of emergency vehicles. The system leverages embedded hardware (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi), a variety of sensors (including RF modules, infrared, sound, and image-based systems), and intelligent control algorithms to detect the presence of an ambulance from a significant distance and manage traffic flow accordingly. Once an approaching emergency vehicle is detected, the system initiates a green corridor by altering signal phases at multiple junctions to ensure swift and safe passage. Beyond basic detection, the system incorporates adaptive signal logic that considers current traffic density and congestion levels using sensor data, enabling a context-aware response. This approach is scalable and can be integrated into broader smart city infrastructures via IoT communication protocols, offering centralized monitoring and future integration with cloud-based analytics platforms. The proposed system also lays the groundwork for incorporating anomaly detection algorithms and machine learning models to enhance responsiveness in unusual traffic scenarios. Emphasis is placed on secure data handling, modularity, and low-cost implementation, making the system viable for developing urban areas. Experimental simulations and prototypes demonstrate a significant reduction in ambulance wait times and overall intersection congestion. The system is designed to be extensible, cost-effective, and efficient, providing a foundation for future intelligent transport systems aimed at reducing mortality rates, improving urban mobility, and enhancing emergency preparedness.
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  • ISSN: 2349-6002
  • Volume: 12
  • Issue: 2
  • PageNo: 400-409

Smart IoT-Based Traffic Signal Control System with Emergency Vehicle Detection

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