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@article{170404,
        author = {Saurav Anand and Sonu and Supriya and Taniya and Divya Katoch},
        title = {Drug Induced Liver Injury: A Comprehensive Review},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2024},
        volume = {11},
        number = {7},
        pages = {615-618},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=170404},
        abstract = {Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant cause of acute liver failure and a major challenge in clinical and regulatory settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of DILI, discussing its epidemiology, types, mechanisms, clinical presentation, risk factors, management, and prevention. DILI is broadly classified into intrinsic (dose-dependent) and idiosyncratic (dose-independent) types. Intrinsic DILI is predictable and typically associated with overdose, as seen with acetaminophen toxicity, whereas idiosyncratic DILI is unpredictable and influenced by genetic and immune factors. The mechanisms underlying DILI involve metabolic bioactivation leading to direct hepatocellular damage and immune-mediated responses resulting in liver inflammation. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, exclusion of alternative liver diseases and biomarkers. Risk factors can be divided into factors specific to the patient (e.g., age, genetics, pre-existing liver diseases) and drug-related factors (e.g., dose, drug-drug interactions). Management consists in the prompt identification and cessation of the offending drug, with emphasis on supportive care. In WHO candidate malaria vaccines, preventive strategies highlight close monitoring of liver function during therapy and the careful selection of medicines. However, the understanding of DILI, which is bimodal, and nuanced, is of significant importance for improving patient outcomes and developing safer therapeutic agents. Further studies will have to provide robust biomarkers and clarify underlying molecular pathways to improve prediction of this kind of DILI and possibly prevent occurrence of such adverse events.},
        keywords = {Drug-induced liver injury, DILI, hepatotoxicity, bioactivation, immune-mediated liver injury, acetaminophen toxicity, idiosyncratic DILI},
        month = {December},
        }