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@article{170865,
        author = {Umer Hamid Wani and Saiyad Shah Alam and Benish Bashir Bhat and Rameez Raja Mallah},
        title = {A retrospective study on the demographics, clinical presentations, and management of Fissure in Ano.},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2024},
        volume = {11},
        number = {7},
        pages = {2354-2361},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=170865},
        abstract = {Background: Anal fissure (AF) is widely regarded as a common condition, yet there is a notable lack of published epidemiological data and information on current treatment practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate several key aspects of AF including its incidence, demographics, associated co morbidities, and the types of treatments being administered.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the NIUM Hospital, Bangalore, from August 2018 to August 2024, analyzing data from 513 patients diagnosed with anal fissure (AF). The study aimed to examine demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes to improve management protocols.
Results: Among the patients, females slightly outnumbered males (52.43% vs. 47.56%), with most cases (59.64%) occurring in individuals aged 21–40 years (mean age 37.48 ± 9.25 years). Higher socioeconomic status was noted in 41.2% of cases. Chronic constipation was the most common co-morbidity (39.7%), affecting females more (23.19% vs. 16.56%). Other co-morbidities included hypothyroidism (7.21%, exclusively in females), surgical history near the anal region (7.01%), pregnancy (4.4%), and solid tumors (1.94%). The primary symptoms were painful defecation (96.88%), bleeding per rectum (62.7%), rectal mass (31.57%), and passing hard stools (23.58%). The fissures were most frequently located at the 6 o’clock position (69.59%), followed by 12 o’clock (12.28%) and both (21.63%). Associated findings included skin tags (39.96%), anal papillae (14 patients), and lateral fissures (12 patients). Anal spasms were observed in varying degrees in 319, 134, and 60 patients, respectively. Treatment outcomes revealed that lateral internal sphincterotomy (performed on 314 patients) was more effective than conservative management (199 patients).
Conclusions: In conclusion, AF predominantly affects individuals aged 21–40 years, particularly females and those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Chronic constipation emerged as the most common co-morbidity. Painful defecation and rectal bleeding were the predominant symptoms, with fissures most frequently located at the 6 o’clock position. Lateral internal sphincterotomy provided superior outcomes, emphasizing its role as a preferred treatment option.},
        keywords = {Anal fissure, Co-morbidity, Demography, LIS.},
        month = {December},
        }