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@article{174785,
        author = {Yamini J K and Vighnesh Udupi and Vikram Joshi and C S Mohit and Govinda Raju M},
        title = {Recent Advancements in Implantable Medical Devices: pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillator (IDs) for Embedded systems},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1717-1724},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=174785},
        abstract = {This survey investigates recent advances in the design, security, and optimization of implantable medical devices (IMDs), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and pacemakers. A novel approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to improve arrhythmia detection while reducing energy consumption in ICDs, achieving 90% accuracy with a low parameter count. In contrast, security vulnerabilities in IMDs are critically examined, highlighting the risks of signal injection attacks (InjectICD) that can manipulate ICD therapy decisions, as well as the broader cybersecurity threats posed by wirelessly enabled pacemakers. In addition, the feasibility of ultra-low-power 32-bit RISC-V processors (Siwa) for IMDs is explored, with a power-efficient design fabricated using a 180- nm CMOS process and the introduction of a new benchmarking metric (BMIMD) for performance evaluation. Furthermore, the study looks at the electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics of active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) exposed to radio waves from the 4G and 5G Sub-6 frequency bands, using FEM-based simulations to analyse near-field and far-field effects on AIMDs at frequencies up to 4.5 GHz. Overall, these studies contribute to the field of medical AI, security of IMDs, etc.},
        keywords = {Implantable Medical Devices, AI in Healthcare, Cybersecurity in IMDs, Low-Power Processors Electromagnetic Interference.},
        month = {April},
        }