Copyright © 2025 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{175978,
        author = {Satkrit Rai and Ayush Mishra and Tejas Pandey},
        title = {Sharded Voting System: A Scalable Decentralized Architecture for Blockchain Elections},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {11},
        pages = {4438-4457},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=175978},
        abstract = {Blockchain-based electronic voting (e-voting) promises enhanced transparency and security, but scalability remains a key challenge for large-scale elections (Blockchain for Electronic Voting System—Review and Open Research Challenges - PMC) (Blockchain for Electronic Voting System—Review and Open Research Challenges - PMC). This paper presents the Sharded Voting System, a decentralized e-voting application on Ethereum that employs a three-tier sharded architecture to improve scalability. The design divides the election across regional shard contracts for voter registration and tallying, a Main Aggregator contract for collecting regional results, and a Region Deployment contract for managing shard lifecycle. We describe the theoretical contribution of this architecture in distributing workload across shards to increase throughput and reduce gas costs. Simulated evaluations indicate that the sharded approach can lower per-vote gas usage and transaction costs while increasing effective throughput versus a non-sharded single-contract design. We also provide an implementation outline (Solidity smart contracts with a React/Web3.js front-end) and evaluate performance with respect to gas consumption, processing time, and scalability, including tables of gas benchmarks and throughput comparisons. Beyond technical advantages, the proposed system offers societal benefits in transparency, regional representation, and voter trust. We conclude that sharded voting architecture is a promising path toward scalable blockchain elections, and we outline future work on privacy enhancements and deployment on emerging Ethereum sharding infrastructure.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {April},
        }