Copyright © 2025 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{177143,
        author = {Saidunnisa Begum Mohammad and Gude. Sri Sai Satyanarayana and Harika Pathuri and Dr.Poosarla Chandrashekar and Dr.Vatsalya kommalpati and Dr.Kiran Kumar Katappagari},
        title = {killer yeasts: Mechanisms, Applications in Medicine and Biocontrol, and Future Prospects},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {3675-3678},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=177143},
        abstract = {The discovery of the yeast killer system, particularly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has significantly advanced various areas of biology. Researchers have gained insights into fundamental processes like protein processing and secretion, shedding light on how proteins are synthesized and transported within cells. Studies of killer toxins, similar to secreted proteins, have revealed mechanisms involved in post-translational modifications and secretion, providing a deeper understanding of eukaryotic cell biology. Additionally, the mode of action of killer toxins, which target specific receptors, has facilitated the study of yeast and fungal cell wall structures, helping to develop strategies for combating infections caused by pathogens like Candida albicans and Sporothrix schenckii. Over the past three decades, research on killer yeasts has also advanced our knowledge of virus-host interactions and yeast virology. Researchers like Schmitt & Breinig have explored killer strains' effects on related species, providing insights into ecological and industrial applications. Furthermore, Pieczynska et al. found that around 10% of strains carry killer viruses, while 25% resist viral toxins. While killer yeasts are valued for their antimicrobial properties, they pose challenges in large-scale fermentation processes, where they can inhibit starter cultures and disrupt production. Nonetheless, their potential in biomedicine and gene technology remains an active research area.},
        keywords = {Killer toxins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, protein secretion, yeast virology, antimicrobial properties.},
        month = {May},
        }