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@article{177273,
        author = {Urmila Nagargoje and Shinde Vidya and Sonawane Rutuja and Sonawane Vishakha},
        title = {Parametric vs. Direct Modeling: Efficiency Analysis in Modern CAD Systems},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {1467-1471},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=177273},
        abstract = {In the evolution of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems, two primary modeling approaches have emerged: parametric modeling and direct modeling. Each has its strengths and weaknesses, influencing its application in various engineering and design processes. This paper provides an in-depth comparison of these two modeling techniques in terms of efficiency, flexibility, ease of use, and application in modern CAD environments. Parametric modeling is based on defining relationships between components and features using parameters, while direct modeling focuses on manipulating the geometry directly. The paper evaluates the advantages and limitations of both approaches and discusses their relevance in modern CAD systems, particularly in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and industrial design. Efficiency analysis in terms of design time, flexibility, and adaptability to design changes is conducted. The study concludes by providing insights into the future trends of CAD modeling techniques, highlighting the hybrid approaches that combine the benefits of both parametric and direct modeling.},
        keywords = {Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Design Automation, Generative Design, Immersive Visualization, 3D Modeling.},
        month = {May},
        }