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@article{178045,
        author = {Tariq ahmad and jasir ahmad bhat},
        title = {Advances in Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA): Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Applications},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {3842-3845},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=178045},
        abstract = {Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) has emerged considerably over the past few years, offering clinicians a versatile and controllable anesthetic technique without the use of inhalation agents. This review paper provides information of recent advances in TIVA, emphasizing developments in pharmacokinetics, safety profiles, and expanding clinical applications. TIVA uses IV drugs like propofol and fentanyl (analgesic) to make and maintain unconsciousness and easy. It's a second traditional general anesthesia methods that rely on inhalational anesthetics. We provide an overview of novel intravenous agents, refinements in delivery systems such as target-controlled infusion (TCI), and evidence-based assessments of TIVA’s efficacy and safety across diverse surgical and diagnostic procedures.},
        keywords = {Total intravenous anaesthesia TIVA, target-controlled infusion TCI.},
        month = {May},
        }