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@article{179001,
        author = {Anay Katti and Dr. Narendra Kumar S},
        title = {Embedded Control System for DNA Sequencing Flow Cell Temperature Regulation: Precision and Stability  for Next-Gen Genomics},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {5532-5535},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=179001},
        abstract = {DNA sequencing technologies, such as Illumina and Oxford Nanopore, rely on precise temperature regulation in flow cells to ensure accurate base calling and minimize sequencing errors. However, fluctuations as small as ±0.5°C can disrupt enzymatic reactions, leading to data loss and increased costs. This paper presents an embedded control system integrating PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithms with IoT-enabled sensors to maintain flow cell temperatures within ±0.1°C of the target range (e.g., 55°C for polymerase binding). By combining low-power microcontrollers (STM32), thermoelectric coolers (TECs), and real-time feedback loops, the system achieves 98% thermal stability while reducing energy consumption by 40% compared to conventional thermocyclers. Case studies in clinical diagnostics and agricultural genomics highlight its potential to democratize high-throughput sequencing in resource-limited settings.},
        keywords = {DNA sequencing, temperature regulation, PID control, embedded systems, IoT, genomics.},
        month = {May},
        }