Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{180321,
        author = {Anju Rani Singh and Anjula Yadav},
        title = {Dark Matter & Dark Energy},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {1},
        pages = {765-766},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=180321},
        abstract = {Dark matter and dark energy represent two 
of the most enigmatic phenomena in contemporary 
cosmology, collectively comprising nearly 95% of the 
universe's overall mass-energy composition. Whereas 
dark matter is thought to be an invisible type of matter 
that interacts mainly via gravity and accounts for the 
rotational velocities of galaxies. In cosmological 
studies, dark energy is a theoretical concept believed to 
be the primary cause of the universe's accelerating 
rate of expansion. Despite their immense influence on 
the universe's evolution, neither dark matter nor dark 
energy has been directly detected, and their 
fundamental nature remains elusive.  
This paper explores the current theoretical models, 
observational evidence, and ongoing experiments 
aimed at detecting dark matter particles (such as 
WIMPs, Axions, or sterile neutrinos) and measuring 
the properties of dark energy through cosmological 
surveys and supernova observations. Understanding 
these components is critical not only for completing the 
standard model of cosmology but also for potentially 
revealing new physics beyond the Standard Model of 
particle physics. The ongoing effort to decode these 
cosmic enigmas continues to challenge and deepen our 
understanding of the universe.},
        keywords = {Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Cosmology,  Mass-Energy Content,  Universe Expansion, WIMPs,  Axions, Sterile Neutrinos, Cosmological Surveys,  Supernova Observations, Standard Model, Particle  Physics, New Physics, Cosmic Mysteries},
        month = {June},
        }