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@article{180749,
        author = {Shweta Bhoyar and Rohit Deshmukh and Dilip Budhlani},
        title = {Efficacy of Duckweed (Lemna spp.) in Phyto-remediation of Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {1},
        pages = {2886-2888},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=180749},
        abstract = {This review investigates the efficacy of duckweed (Lemna spp.) in the phytoremediation of wastewater. Duckweed demonstrates remarkable capabilities in removing pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), heavy metals, and pathogens. Its removal efficiencies are typically 60–75% for BOD, 54–70% for COD, and over 90% for nitrogen and phosphorus. With rapid growth, high biomass productivity, and low operational cost, duckweed presents a viable alternative for decentralised wastewater treatment, particularly in rural or semi-urban areas. Furthermore, harvested duckweed biomass can be used for animal feed or bioenergy production. This review evaluates pollutant removal efficiencies, economic feasibility, limitations, and potential solutions, positioning duckweed as a sustainable solution for wastewater management},
        keywords = {Duckweed, Lemna spp., phytoremediation, wastewater treatment, nutrient removal, biomass utilisation, ecological sanitation},
        month = {June},
        }