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@article{181685,
        author = {KRISHN KUMAR SAROJ and USHENDRA KUMAR},
        title = {ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN LUCKNOW: A BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {1},
        pages = {5404-5412},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=181685},
        abstract = {Ensuring the availability of safe drinking water is vital for public health and sustainable urban development. This study assessed the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water from five strategically selected locations in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh, India, representing residential, commercial, peri-urban, and transport hub areas. Monthly sampling was conducted between January and May 2025, and the water quality was evaluated against the Indian Standard IS: 10500-2012 drinking water specifications. Parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, fluoride, and alkalinity were analyzed using standard protocols. Additionally, biological parameters including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform, and E. coli were assessed. The results revealed that while most physicochemical parameters remained within permissible limits, occasional exceedances of turbidity, TDS, and nitrate were observed, particularly at commercial and peri-urban locations. Bacteriological analysis indicated intermittent detection of total coliforms and E. coli in some areas, especially during warmer months, suggesting potential contamination sources linked to aging infrastructure and poor water storage practices. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous monitoring, timely water treatment interventions, and public awareness programs to maintain water safety. This study offers essential baseline data to support municipal water management and public health protection initiatives in urban environments.},
        keywords = {Water Quality, Physicochemical Parameters, Bacteriological Assessment, Temporal Variation, Drinking Water, Lucknow},
        month = {June},
        }