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@article{181862,
        author = {Jayant Kumar and Akshay Anand and Dprashant kumar and Amit kumar},
        title = {Fluorosis: Understanding Its Causes, Strategies for Prevention, and Effective Control Measures},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {38-43},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=181862},
        abstract = {—Fluorosis is a slow and progressive disorder affecting our body and a serious concern to be taken into consideration and to be dealt with effectively. Fluorosis remains a critical global health issue, primarily caused by prolonged exposure to excessive fluoride levels, exceeding the permissible limit of 1.5 ppm (IS: 10500:2012). It manifests in dental, skeletal and non-skeletal forms, significantly affecting human health and quality of life. The primary sources of fluoride exposure include drinking water, agricultural produce, industrial emissions, processed foods and dental products, with groundwater being the most dominant contributor. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of fluoride contamination through the analysis of both water and urine samples, providing a dual perspective on environmental fluoride levels and human fluoride burden. Urinary fluoride concentration serves as a crucial biomarker for recent fluoride exposure, enabling a more precise evaluation of individual and community risk. The findings highlight the geogenic origins of fluoride contamination, anthropogenic contributions and dietary intake as key risk factors. The study further explores integrated prevention and mitigation strategies, including community-driven awareness programs, dietary modifications, advanced defluoridation technologies and sustainable water resource management. Additionally, it evaluates policy-driven interventions and early diagnostic approaches as essential tools for controlling fluorosis. The results underscore the necessity of continuous surveillance of fluoride levels in both environmental and biological samples, along with adaptive policy frameworks and public health initiatives. This research advocates for a multidisciplinary approach that combines technological advancements, community participation and regulatory measures to effectively mitigate the devastating impact of fluorosis on global populations.},
        keywords = {Fluorosis, Fluoride Contamination, Water and Urine Analysis, Biomarkers, Defluoridation, Public Health, Environmental Exposure.},
        month = {June},
        }