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@article{182185,
        author = {Tapesh Yogi and Dr. Dinesh Birla},
        title = {Sustainable Power Solutions for LHB Coaches: Integrating Solar PV and MLI-Based Harmonic Mitigation in a Hybrid Distributed Generation System for Railway HOGs},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {1275-1283},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=182185},
        abstract = {The demand for reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly transportation is need of time, and developments are underway for transportation purposes. The use of DG (diesel generator) sets and fuels increase the emission of carbon dioxide and GHG (greenhouse gases) in transportation. Thus, causing pollution and global warming, could result in drastic climate appears to have changed, extinction of living things, soaring of ocean floor, and leading natural disaster. Non - conventional power sources like solar power, wind spin energy, geothermal energy etc. are rising congruent power resources in current time at place of conventional energy sources. This article has proposed a Solar PV, a unique seven-level “reduced switch inverter” that have an LC filter aimed to minimize the amount of total harmonic distortion (THD) and storage-based system for power solutions of LHB (Linke Hoffman Bosch, Germany) coaches used in railway transportation. The study has shown, the area available a top train coaches is more than the required power during sunlight hours). Traditional inverters often produce waveforms of output current and voltage significantly deviating from sinusoidal shapes mainly due to high THD percentages. Such waveforms are unsuitable for electric drives in coaches and renewable energy-based loads. To address this, a 7-level “reduced switch inverter” is proposed, where increasing levels in the output waveform bring it closer to a sinusoidal shape, limiting THD. This 7-level MLI is proposed consisting of five switches, Solar PV, a rectified power supply from HOG (Head-on Generation), and two batteries using phase disposition PWM (PDPWM). The total calculation was made according to observing a standard running route, the number of coaches, and DG Set. The cost of diesel is 90.70 INR/lit. in the proposed study there will be an annual saving of 2,57,75,942 INR. corresponding to 2,84,189 lit. diesel/ train in a year with implementing those arrangements. The establishment cost of this system would be recovered approx. within 5 months as calculated. Hence, the system significantly reduces THD, resulting in a near-sine wave-modulated output implemented is a better solution for transportation which is reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly too.},
        keywords = {Multi-level inverter (MLI), LHB Coaches, Railway, Solar photovoltaic, Global horizontal irradiation.},
        month = {November},
        }