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@article{182576,
        author = {MOHD ARQAM KHAN and Abdul Halim Babbu and Mohammad Saquib},
        title = {RESILIENT HOSPITAL ARCHITECTURE: SAFEGUARDING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AGAINST EMERGING INTERNAL DISASTERS.},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {2611-2616},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=182576},
        abstract = {There is critical need for resilient hospital architecture in India. While external hazards typically dominate disaster preparedness, internal events—such as utility failures, equipment malfunctions, or hazardous material spills—are more frequent and pose significant threats to continuous patient care. This research argues that current design practices and educational frameworks often neglect the proactive role of architectural design in disaster risk reduction. A fundamental reorientation is required, moving beyond traditional "engineering resilience" that integrates physical robustness with human well-being and adaptability. Strategies for enhancing resilience must be granular, addressing the unique vulnerabilities of individual hospital departments (e.g., Operation Theatres, ICUs, Emergency) and critical services (e.g., HVAC, medical gas supply). Implementing a trans-disciplinary approach, strategic phase-wise planning, and reforming architectural and engineering education are paramount to developing future-proof hospitals capable of maintaining essential services during crises and preventing internal disruptions from escalating into full-blown disasters. The study concludes by emphasizing attention to internal disasters, requiring departmental root cause analysis and understanding inter-departmental criticalities. This can be achieved through university post-graduation programs and industry-academia collaboration.},
        keywords = {Hospitals, Critical infrastructure, Internal Disasters, Resilience, Healthcare Architecture},
        month = {July},
        }