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@article{182614,
        author = {Nakshatra S},
        title = {A Systematic Review on Analysing and Improving the Performance of Energy Management Systems in Electric Vehicle},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {2920-2934},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=182614},
        abstract = {To gain a maximum amount of efficiency, performance, and sustainability of electric vehicles (EVs), including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), energy management systems (EMS) play a vital role. New studies have reported the various EMS strategies, including global optimization, fuzzy rule-based, real-time, and intelligent data-driven that have unique benefits and weaknesses according to the kind of vehicle and driving environment. Hybrid energy battery packs (which are battery and super capacitor) have been reported to enhance power density and battery life managed by powerful control technology like Pontryagin minimum principle. Smart EMS using artificial intelligence and machine learning are being developed as highly effective methods of adapting to the real life driving environment and even smart grids, but there are issues of data security and privacy that need to be addressed. The EMS combined with smart infrastructure and the coordination of the systems in home and in the parking lot can be both technologically and economically positive. The main issues are the complexities of controlling in real-time, keeping in consideration of the effects of driver states and the traffic as well as the prevention of battery wear out.},
        keywords = {Electrical vehicles, Smart EMS, Hybrid energy systems, smart grids.},
        month = {July},
        }