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@article{182747,
        author = {NIkhil Srivastava and Shweta Sachan and Abhinav Kumar},
        title = {Virtual Bharat: The Sociological Impact of E-Governance, Aadhaar, and Digital Surveillance},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {3100-3103},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=182747},
        abstract = {India’s digital revolution, championed by transformative policies like Digital India and instruments like Aadhaar, has restructured citizen–state relationships in ways both empowering and precarious. The promise of inclusion, efficiency, and transparency has often clashed with the lived realities of exclusion, surveillance, and digital marginalization. This paper reviews the sociological ramifications of e-governance and digital surveillance in India, critically examining the implications of Aadhaar, UPI, FRT (Facial Recognition Technology), and related platforms. Drawing on empirical data, government reports, academic literature, and theoretical perspectives—especially those of Foucault, Scott, and Latour—this paper explores the dual nature of technology as both liberating and oppressive in the Indian sociopolitical context. The paper ends with policy recommendations to align digital governance with constitutional ideals of justice and equality},
        keywords = {Digital India, Aadhaar, Surveillance, Sociology, Digital Exclusion, Data Justice, Foucault, UPI, FRT},
        month = {July},
        }