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@article{184035,
        author = {Bhaskar Jyoti Sharma},
        title = {Niosomes: An Advanced Delivery System for Natural Antidiabetic Therapeutics},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {3},
        pages = {3934-3949},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184035},
        abstract = {Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and due to the search of safer and effective therapy, natural products are a focus area, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols as they have strong antidiabetic activities having a variety of mechanisms. Their pharmacological efficacies are, however, highly constrained by low oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility, inadequate permeability, and fast metabolism. Another potential candidate to this challenge is niosomes, self-assembled non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles. This review is an overview of niosomes as a sophisticated carrier in delivering natural antidiabetic agents. Various compositions, structures, and types of niosomes are mentioned and different fabrication methods and their affordability to different compounds are outlined. The strategies that are important in loading, key characterisation parameters and mechanistic benefits to use niosomes to increase bioavailability, targeting and stability are critically evaluated. A critical analysis of preclinical data shows that there are significant changes in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of niosome encapsulation of natural products, which are represented by increased bioavailability 3- to 5-fold and better glycemic control, lipid regulation, and improvement of diabetic complications. There is, however, the issue of scalability, regulatory approval, and long-term toxicity. New opportunities are the perspective of smart, stimuli-responsive niosomes, and hybrid systems, as well as co-delivery of drugs and nucleic acids. The final aim is to translate such niosomal natural products into clinical praxis by means of standard guardlines and properly designed human studies. Niosomes are a revolutionary carrier to be able to explore complete therapeutic potential of natural antidiabetic substances and to provide safer and more effective solutions in addressing the challenge of diabetes epidemic all over the world.},
        keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Natural products, Antidiabetic agents, Bioavailability, Niosomes, Nanocarriers, Drug delivery systems},
        month = {August},
        }