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@article{184151,
        author = {K G Nagaraja and H. R. Ramesh},
        title = {Enhanced Grid Integration of Photovoltaic Systems Using Meerkat Algorithm-Tuned Fuzzy Logic Controller in Modular Multilevel Converters},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {80-84},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184151},
        abstract = {Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are widely adopted in medium- and high-voltage applications. To reduce system losses and costs, half-bridge converters are often preferred. However, their vulnerability under fault conditions limits their reliability. To overcome this, a full-bridge MMC is employed in this work, offering improved fault tolerance. With suitable arm voltage and circulating current control strategies, both power losses and harmonics are minimized. This study develops an 11-level MMC integrated with a grid-connected photovoltaic system, where the DC link is powered by a solar source. A fuzzy logic-based fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller ensures stable operation under different conditions. To further enhance control accuracy, the Meerkat Optimization Algorithm (MOA) is applied for optimal parameter tuning. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance, achieving a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 0.26%, outperforming conventional controllers.},
        keywords = {Modular-multilevel converter, total harmonic distortion, Meerkat Optimization Algorithm, photovoltaic.},
        month = {September},
        }