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@article{184438,
        author = {Dwij Doshi},
        title = {investigating the methods of production of Human Insulin by Genetic engineering},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {1410-1418},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184438},
        abstract = {The production of human insulin through genetic engineering represents one of the most significant achievements in biotechnology, revolutionizing diabetes treatment worldwide. This investigation reveals that two primary methods are employed for recombinant human insulin production: the two-chain method and the proinsulin method, both utilizing genetically modified Escherichia coli bacteria as expression systems. The development of these techniques has eliminated dependence on animal-derived insulin, providing diabetic patients with unlimited supplies of pure human insulin while avoiding immunological complications associated with foreign proteins. Modern production processes achieve yields of over 2 grams of insulin per liter of bacterial culture, making therapeutic insulin both accessible and cost-effective for millions of patients globally.},
        keywords = {Recombinant insulin, Genetic engineering, Proinsulin method, Escherichia coli, Plasmid vector production},
        month = {September},
        }