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@article{185004,
        author = {Smriti Singh and Navin Raj and Chanchal Navin Raj and Ashish Jain},
        title = {Development of Ivermectin’s topical gel - a local perspective of veterinary drug delivery system},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {4348-4359},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=185004},
        abstract = {Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent widely used in veterinary practice, but its conventional oral and injectable formulations are limited by poor solubility, variable bioavailability, systemic side effects, and compliance issues. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a topical gel formulation of Ivermectin as a localized, non-invasive drug delivery system. Preformulation studies, including solubility, melting point, UV, and FTIR analyses, confirmed the drug’s physicochemical properties and compatibility with selected excipients. Gels were prepared using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent, triethanolamine as a neutralizer, and sodium benzoate as a preservative. Among the trial batches, formulation F3 (1.0% Carbopol) exhibited optimal physicochemical characteristics, including suitable pH, viscosity, spreadability, and uniform drug content. In vitro release studies showed a sustained drug release pattern following zero-order kinetics, ensuring prolonged drug availability at the site of application. In vivo evaluation using the rabbit pinnae model demonstrated significant anti-tick efficacy, with F3 achieving 51.5% tick reduction within 12 hours, outperforming marketed creams and tablets and showing comparable effectiveness to injectables. Stability testing under accelerated conditions confirmed the robustness of the optimized formulation over six months, with no significant changes in physical, chemical, or microbial parameters. Overall, the developed topical gel of Ivermectin provides a superior alternative to conventional dosage forms, offering enhanced retention, controlled release, improved compliance, and effective parasite control in veterinary applications.},
        keywords = {Ivermectin, Topical gel, Tick control, Sustained release, Zero-order kinetics, Carbopol 940, Stability},
        month = {September},
        }